RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most neurosurgery presentations in children present with a mass that may be scalp and skull lesions, including neoplastic and congenital malformed structural lesions, respectively. Clinicians should make early diagnoses and identify cases requiring surgical intervention promptly to help achieve a better prognosis. METHOD: This study retrospectively reviewed studies on children's scalp and skull lesions within a pediatric medical center's department of neurosurgery. The detailed clinical information and pathological types of these cases were scrutinized. RESULT: A total of 228 children's scalp and skull lesions with clinical information and identified histopathology types were summarized. The most common scalp and skull lesions were benign dermoid cysts; malignant types were rare but can occur in children. CONCLUSION: Based on the combined clinical symptoms and image information, children's scalp and skull lesions should be diagnosed early. Malignant scalp and skull lesions/other special cases should be treated seriously.
Assuntos
Couro Cabeludo , Crânio , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , RNA Mensageiro , RNA Neoplásico , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico , Adulto , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/biossíntese , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/biossíntese , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Neoplásico/biossíntese , RNA Neoplásico/genética , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico/biossíntese , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico/genéticaRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the cardioprotective effects of hypothermic (25⯰C) reperfusion on ischemia/reperfusion injury and the role of transient potential channel M8 (TRPM8) in this process. MAIN METHODS: Western blot and real-time PCR were used to monitor the expression of TRPM8 in myocardium. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by 30â¯min of global ischemia followed by 120â¯min of reperfusion in Langendorff-perfused hearts from Sprague-Dawley rats. The reperfusion was either normothermic (37⯰C) or hypothermic (25⯰C). Infarct size and left ventricular function were assessed, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the coronary effluent were measured spectrophotometrically, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression of TRPM8, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved capspase-3, RhoA, and ROCK2 was quantified. KEY FINDINGS: TRPM8 protein and mRNA were expressed in rat myocardium. Hypothermic reperfusion decreased the infarct size, LDH activity, MDA content, apoptosis, and expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, RhoA, and ROCK2 compared with normothermic reperfusion. These effects were associated with improved recovery of left ventricular contractility, and were reduced by BCTC, a TRPM8 antagonist. Ischemia/reperfusion injury and the increased expression of Bax, caspase-3, RhoA, and ROCK2 induced by normothermic reperfusion were reduced by Icilin, a TRPM8 agonist. SIGNIFICANCE: Hypothermic reperfusion at 25⯰C has cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of TRPM8 to inhibit the oxidative stress-related RhoA/ROCK2 signal pathway.
